which of the following describes situational communication competenceromain 12 2 explication

Deceivers tend to use more eye contact when lying to friends, perhaps to try to increase feelings of immediacy or warmth, and less eye contact when lying to strangers. Which of the following refers to the physcial space between people? (Eds.) 4.1 Principles and Functions of Nonverbal Communication, 5.4 Listenable Messages and Effective Feedback, 6.1 Principles of Interpersonal Communication, 6.2 Conflict and Interpersonal Communication, 6.3 Emotions and Interpersonal Communication, 6.4 Self-Disclosure and Interpersonal Communication, 8.2 Exploring Specific Cultural Identities, 8.4 Intercultural Communication Competence, 9.2 Researching and Supporting Your Speech, 10.2 Delivery Methods and Practice Sessions, 12.1 Speaking in Personal and Civic Contexts, 14.1 Leadership and Small Group Communication, 14.3 Problem Solving and Decision Making in Groups, 15.1 Technological Advances: From the Printing Press to the iPhone, 15.2 Functions and Theories of Mass Communication, 16.3 New Media, the Self, and Relationships. There are certain nonverbal cues that have been associated with deception, but the problem is that these cues are also associated with other behaviors, which could lead you to assume someone is being deceptive when they are actually nervous, guilty, or excited. Im just like you. Mirroring evolved as an important social function in that it allowed early humans to more easily fit in with larger groups. Studies show that people engage in deception much more than they care to admit. Pike, K.L. 1 / 26. The size of a persons territory often speaks to that persons status. Communication is common in that it is something that we spend most of our time doing, but the ability to make sense of and improve our communication takes competence that is learned through deliberate study and personal reflection. Conversely, people who have interpersonal trust issues and people in occupations like law enforcement may also have a lie bias, meaning they assume people are lying to them more often than not (Andersen, 1999). How can I express a specific attitude (e.g., courtesy, authority, friendliness, respect) when I need to? For example, Level 1 or Level 2 English language learners can still analyze and classify information if it is presented in small chunks and supported visually. A common communication pitfall that is an obstacle on many students roads to communication competence is viewing communication as common sense.. However, different family members might have used different languages for multiple purposes. Andersen, P. A., Nonverbal Communication: Forms and Functions (Mountain View, CA: Mayfield, 1999), 125. Many names are available with audio files by native speakers. As the idiosyncratic communicator inches toward his or her conversational partner, the partner may inch back to reestablish the interpersonal distance norm. Bilingual books: Promoting literacy and biliteracy in the second-language and mainstream classroom. Language, identity, and the ownership of English. Figure 2.6 Strategies for using bilingual books in the classroom. Before you have built up a rich cognitive knowledge base of communication concepts and practiced and reflected on skills in a particular area, you may exhibit unconscious incompetence, which means you are not even aware that you are communicating in an incompetent manner. Nervous communicators may have distracting mannerisms in the form of adaptors that you will likely need to tune out in order to focus more on other verbal and nonverbal cues. Describe a situation in which you believe the primacy and/or . Anxiety is a form of arousal that leads to bodily reactions like those we experience when we perceive danger or become excited for some other reason. TeamSTEPPS for Office-Based Care Online Course (AHRQ). Our competence regarding and awareness of nonverbal communication can help determine how an interaction will proceed and, in fact, whether it will take place at all. Which, if any, of the nonverbal cues discussed do you think help you deceive others or give you away? Translanguaging. World-Class Instructional Design and Assessment (WIDA) Consortium consists of 40 partner states, all using the same 2012 amplification of the English language development standards. are able to work with grade-level material with some modification. Each one of his English learners was a unique individual with specific strengths and weaknesses in both language and content. Select if they are true or false. 63-77). This phenomenon is known as mirroring, which refers to the often subconscious practice of using nonverbal cues in a way that match those of others around us. These forms include expressing meaning through drawing, symbols, and/or text. b. intrapersonal communication. Look the part. Since nonverbal communication is multichannel, it is important to be aware that nonverbal cues can complement, enhance, or contradict each other. Bilingual Research Journal. Recognize how ones own uniqueness, including experience level, expertise, culture, power, and hierarchy within the healthcare team, contributes to effective communication, conflict resolution, and positive interprofessional working relationships (University of Toronto, 2008). As students learn a second language, they progress at different rates along a continuum of predictable stages. To assist you with the pronunciation of many foreign names, visit How to Say that Name.com. Also, people who are better self-monitors are better deceivers, because they are aware of verbal and nonverbal signals that may give them away and may be better able to control or account for them. For example, we are explicitly taught the verbal codes we use to communicate. The research on deception and nonverbal communication indicates that heightened arousal and increased cognitive demands contribute to the presence of nonverbal behaviors that can be associated with deception. ), The language policy: Taking stock, pp. London, UK: Penguin Books. Chapter 2: Language Proficiency and Communicative Competence by Gisela Ernst-Slavit and Joy Egbert is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Unfortunately, both experience and science say the answer is "no.". Describe situational monitoring techniques. Since communication and speaking are a necessary part of life, identify some strategies you can use to manage those anxieties. Ernst-Slavit, G., & Mulhern, M. (2003, September/October). I did look at several websites, but I didnt directly quote anything so I didnt think I needed to put the citations in parentheses. As he says this, he rubs the back of his neck and then scratches his face and only makes minimal eye contact with the professor. Cognitive competence can also be developed through instruction. Research on public speaking anxiety has focused on three key ways to address this common issue: systematic desensitization, cognitive restructuring, and skills training (Bodie, 2010). As your nonverbal encoding competence increases, you can strategically manipulate your behaviors. Some highly experienced deceivers, however, can control the presence of adaptors (Andersen, 1999). Although pets and children are often granted more leeway to breach other peoples space, since they are still learning social norms and rules, as a pet owner, parent, or temporary caretaker, be aware of this possibility and try to prevent such breaches or correct them when they occur. To make things more complicated, we usually tailor our manipulation strategy to the person to whom we are speaking. Nonverbal communication can also impact the impressions you make as a student. Individual factors affect our ability to do anything. As you get better at monitoring and controlling your nonverbal behaviors and understanding how nonverbal cues affect our interaction, you may show more competence in multiple types of communication. Think, for example, about how people fall into formation when waiting in a line. You might cross your arms, a closing-off gesture, and combine that with wrapping your fingers tightly around one bicep and occasionally squeezing, which is a self-touch adaptor that results from anxiety and stress. For example, people engaging in negative critical evaluation of a speaker may cross their legs, cross one arm over their stomach, and put the other arm up so the index finger is resting close to the eye while the chin rests on the thumb (Pease & Pease, 2004). C. The transmission of a message from a sender to a receiver via a medium of transmission is known as ________. Although people rely on nonverbal communication more than verbal to determine whether or not a person is being deceptive, there is no set profile of deceptive behaviors that you can use to create your own nonverbally based lie detector. Each educational program is designed for a different practice site. Alexia, a medical assistant, explains to Mrs. Philips that the medication is to be taken once a day with a full glass of water. The increasingly homogeneous mass culture of the postwar years b. Source:PreK-12 English Language Proficiency Standards by TESOL. We will learn more specifics about nonverbal communication in relational, professional, and cultural contexts in Section 4.1 Principles and Functions of Nonverbal Communication, but we can also gain insight into how to interpret nonverbal cues through personal contexts. Since infringements on others territory can arouse angry reactions and even lead to violence (think of the countless stories of neighbors fighting over a fence or tree), be sensitive to territorial markers. Question 6. Our cognitive activity increases when we have to decide whether to engage in deception or not, which often involves some internal debate. What are your strengths as a communicator? Being able to control nonverbal expressions and competently encode them allows us to better manage our persona and project a desired self to othersfor example, a self that is perceived as competent, socially attractive, and engaging. So having a more expressive voice that varies appropriately in terms of rate, pitch, and volume can help you achieve communication goals related to maintaining attention, effectively conveying information, and getting others to act in a particular way. As students navigate through the process of becoming competent users of English, educators awareness of their location along the language learning continuum can help them better address the students needs and build on their strengths. Select the most appropriate and effective medium for communicating. In many introductory communication classes that I teach, a student usually says something like You must be really good at this stuff since you study it and have been teaching it for a while. At the same time students assume that I have a high level of communication competence, they are hard on themselves for being at the stage of conscious incompetence, where they catch themselves communicating poorly in regards to a concept we recently studied. Instead, he or she would likely start with one and then layer more cues on as the feelings intensified. In order to develop communication competence, you must become a more mindful communicator and a higher self-monitor. Instead, we learn by observing others and through trial and error with our own nonverbal communication. Minimize distractions by moving a clock, closing a door, or closing window blinds to help minimize distractions that may lure your eye contact away. Cloud, N., Genesee, F., & Hamayan, E. (2000). For a study on translanguaging in a third grade classroom, read Translanguaging and Protected Spaces in a Dual Language Classroom: Tensions Across Restrictionist Policies and Unrestricted Practice by Kristen Pratt & Gisela Ernst-Slavit (in press). A large study found that people were better able to detect deception by sound alone than they were when exposed to both auditory and visual cues (Andersen, 1999). When breaches of personal space occur, it is a social norm to make nonverbal adjustments such as lowering our level of immediacy, changing our body orientations, and using objects to separate ourselves from others. What can he say or do to advocate for the students while at the same time maintaining a good working relationship with Mrs. Holton? Studies have found that actors, politicians, lawyers, and salespeople are also better liars, because they are generally higher self-monitors and have learned how to suppress internal feelings and monitor their external behaviors. begin to imitate the verbalizations of others by using single words or simple phrases. Once you learn more about communication and have a vocabulary to identify concepts, you may find yourself exhibiting conscious incompetence. To get a more nuanced understanding of the meaning behind nonverbal cues, we can look at them as progressive or layered. First, challenge yourself to see the value in the study of communication. You ask your roommate if you can borrow his car to go pick up a friend from the train station about ten miles away. Remember that culture, status, gender, age, and setting influence how we send and interpret touch messages. However, when I do mess up, I almost always make a mental note and reflect on it. Students who have strong reading foundations in their first languages bring with them literacy skills that can typically be transferred to the process of learning to read in English.

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