what guns do cops use in californiaromain 12 2 explication

Our firm provides trusted legal advice and serves clients throughout California, including those in San Francisco, Los Angeles, and San Diego. undetectable firearms, also illegal per Penal Code 24610 PC, and. What impact can gender roles have on consumer behaviour? Shouse Law Group has wonderful customer service. Courts have ruled consistently that the readings are not trustworthy. Similarly, a few weapon-related misdemeanor convictions can subject you to a lifetime ban on guns. Because the bursts are so short, it makes reading the speed of vehicles difficult. Stay in the know. As mentioned, most criminals in the U.S. prefer to use handguns when committing a crime. I dont know exactly what theyre using them for, Patrick Foy told the AP. * Rocky Mountain Radar Moto-Raptor is a radar detector that is best for motorcycles. Its the preferred handgun for Secret Service operatives. 2560 Possession, etc., of Assault Weapon or. Department-issued handguns are usually striker-fired weapons chambered in 9mm, .40 or .45 caliber. This type of radar is being used more often in automatic doors. Further, the United States Supreme Court (sitting in Washington, D.C.) refused to consider a challenge to Californias concealed carry law. According to statistics obtained by the AP, via the California Public Records Act, about 1,300 of the nearly 10,000 LAPD officers . Detroit police officers approximately 2,200 of them transitioned to the Smith & Wesson M&P9 M2.0 chambered in 9mm. Smith & Wesson made handguns during the American Civil War to last. It also has GPS enabled detector, and to maximize sensitivity, all antennas are incorporated into an LNA. you were prohibited from possessing a firearm under Penal Code 29800 PC, Californias felon with a firearm law. Visit our California DUI page to learn more. It also enables them to focus on perfecting that platform. what guns do cops use in california. What are the rules on ammunition and gun accessories? Lopez-Aguilar v. Marion Cty. The Department of Housing and Community Development. The FBI's Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Injured (LEOKA) statistics for 2016 show that 62 officers were fatally shot. the Governors mansion, per Penal Code 171d PC, airports and passenger vessel terminals, per. Penal Code 26700 PC sets forth the requirements to be a licensed dealer of firearms. represents the Sacramento region, told the Associated Press. This shift is being led by many of the larger police departments in our nation, who are also dealing with a heightened sensitivity and calls to demilitarize and become more community-oriented. These are: Penal Code 626.9 PC is Californias Gun-Free School Zone Act. A misdemeanor conviction can bring a county jail sentence of up to one year.108, A felony conviction can lead to custody in county jail for up to three years.109. Airports and passenger vessel terminals. 1. Who is (and isnt) allowed to have guns in California? Are you considering a career in law enforcement? The quality of their weapons can mean the difference between returning to work the next day or losing their lives in the line of duty. Handguns are used in roughly 93 percent of gun killings in the United States. An example of an exempt person is someone that: To obtain an FSC, you must pass a California Department of Justice (DOJ) written test on firearm safety. More specifically, the statute makes it a crime to do any of the following with these guns/add-ons: A generally prohibited weapon includes the following guns, equipment, and ammunition: A violation of these laws is a wobbler. It handles all of the non-federal areas in the district. A new nationwide survey by HomeBay, a website that offers analysis and tips about real estate, found that 1 in 5 people surveyed would like to live in L.A., assuming money wasn . Thus far, no charges have been filed as part of the ATF investigation. Despite that, what critics dont realize is as many departments move back to 9mm, the officers are actually increasing the number of rounds they can carry. In the Midwest region, there is Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, South Dakota. zip guns, also illegal per Penal Code 33600 PC. sailing lessons beaufort, nc . California Notice at Collection . This includes: State law imposes a 10-day waiting period before a seller can release or transfer a gun to you and allow you to take gun ownership.14. 8. Are there places where guns are prohibited? However, you must comply with the terms and conditions outlined in the permit. In the Western region, there is Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Oregon, Utah, Washington. Other weapons approved by the department are certain Berettas and the Smith & Wessons for officers who are grandfathered to carry those and were in the department prior to the issue of the SIG. In the Southwest region, there is Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas. * Whistler CR73 is the best impulse buy a radar detector. The court ruled that in fact, the Second Amendment does not apply to concealed firearms, and thus there are no constitutional rights implicated by Californias good cause requirement.59. Plus if you are looking for a reliable long-range radar detector to protect yourself please read my post, The Best Long Range Radar Detectors. Web A Rockville, Maryland, Gun Shop Was Robbed Early Friday After A Car Rammed Into The Storefront. PC 25400 makes it a criminal offense to carry a concealed weapon. Often times the system is connected to a plate recognition system to assign tickets automatically. Rookie cops must carry a Glock 17. then sell them to law enforcement agencies or military agencies. The frequency is far-reaching, so you can detect it up to 4 miles away. 7.2. Taking that into account, we identified 10 of the largest police departments in the country and put together a list of where they are at with duty weapons. zip guns (or a cheap makeshift firearm made by miscellaneous material), also illegal per Penal Code 33600 PC. 1.1. The HK45, like the M&P 9, has a variety of customization options. It permits left-handed law enforcement officers to carry the gun without modifying their grip. Since 1998, the Secret Service has armed its agents with a duty carry SIG Sauer P229 pistol in . No puedo decir que no estoy en desacuerdo contigo. The Ka-Band is not used by automatic doors or other devices. These days, with firearm assaults on law enforcement up more than 60 percent, according to the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial, agencies and officers are in constant need of better sidearms that are reliable and can end a threat. See also, See California Attorney Generals website, , See California Attorney Generals website, What is the process for purchasing a firearm in California?. It is usually due to the need for police to select a high-performing cartridge usually .45 ACP, 40 S&W, or 9 mm. However, a significant proportion is owned by criminals as well. For LAPD SWAT, Kimber designed and designated the Custom TLE II, a 5-inch-barreled 1911 in .45 ACP. The one U-shaped structure has transmitters. Subsequent violations are treated as misdemeanors, punishable by: Penal Code 417.25 PC is the California statute that makes it a crime to point a laser scope, or a laser pointer, at another person in a threatening manner.126, Note that threatening manner, means that the pointing of the scope or laser instills fear of bodily harm in the other person.127, A laser scope is a portable battery-powered device that can be attached to a gun and can project a laser light onto objects.128, A laser pointer is a hand-held laser beam device that emits a single point of light, which can be seen by the human eye.129, A violation of PC 417.25 is charged as a misdemeanor in California. And for the first 11 months of 2011, 844 officers bought 861 weapons, according to DOJ figures. Some trace it back to the Old West, and the ornate moustaches which were common in the 19th century. Since 1989, D.C. Metro officers run either standard-issue Glock 17s or Glock 19s in 9mm for patrol. Similarly, State law generally makes it illegal to openly carry a gun. This is not John Waynes revolver it is a modern work of art! We offer discount rates and payment plans during the coronavirus pandemic. a military identification card with a copy of permanent duty station orders. Cobra Road Scout click here to view on Amazon. It adds two new laws with regard to assault weapons in California. The entire L.A. police force adopted the Military & Police (M&P) 9 in 2013. The weapon was designed with the military in mind. As such, police officers must have firearms capable of efficiently neutralizing offenders. Use this link, Escort Max 3 Laser Radar Detector Use this link to view on Amazon, * Cobra RAD 480i Laser Radar Detector click here to view on Amazon. Following the success of its initial collaboration with Vertx, Premier Body Armor announces its continued partnership. The following police guns as the most popular guns used by police officers in the U.S. today. The Supreme Court and the courts of appeal for use by marshals of the Supreme Court and bailiffs of the courts of appeal, and coordinators of security for the judicial branch, as described in California Penal Code section 830.36. (ii) A member other than a member of an arson-investigating unit, regularly paid and employed in that capacity pursuant to California Penal Code section 830.37. A FOR Application is not required for most guns/gun owners under the States firearm laws. (See also. Also, with the constant efforts to equip officers with better weapons, it is based on best available information, which may or may not have come from departmental sources. The three groups and relevant restrictions are: Group 1 (for use in the discharge of their official duties): The Department of Justice. The SIG P226 has a black anodized alloy frame and a decocking lever on the left side of the frame, which allows the hammer to be dropped safely. Colt 1851 Navy Revolver. A sheriff's official. In 1854, the city replaced the watch organizations with the Boston Police Department. Answer (1 of 3): Someone closer to the LAPD (Kieth Moreland, are you out there?) Legislation sponsored by state Sen. Greg Rothman, R . Yes. A copy of this disclaimer can also be found on our Disclaimer page. For example, you may only transport these guns to: Semi-automatic rifles are examples of assault rifles. The Uniden R7 is a close third (it is essentially an off-shoot of the Uniden Doppler radar is one of the more unique radar technologies due to its sheer number of uses. 4. Who is allowed to carry a concealed weapon? The purchaser must also pass a background check (called the Dealers Record of Sale, or DROS) with a licensed dealer even if it is a private purchase or gun show purchase. If you have any questions please contact: Bilingual Services Program at (916) 210-7580. This applies to the open carry of both: Penal Code 16590 is the California statute that bans possessing, making, or selling specific types of firearms. Don Thompson, CALCRIM No. Until 2002, the standard LAPD pistol was the Beretta 92F. .45 ACP vs 9mm: 14 Experts Give Their Answers. A county for use by the coroner or the deputy coroner, as described in California Penal Code section 830.35. The U.S. Secret Service has officially adopted #Glock as its new duty pistol. Glock 22 Glock 27 Glock 17 Glock 19. The best police guns can meet these requirements. It could be helicopters or airplanes. Unfortunately, this means your radar detector can be set off by things like automatic doors. Some people may never possess firearms, such as. Furthermore, the P226 has an ambidextrous handle. One of the most popular police issue firearm from this company is the Military & Police (M&P) 9. A wide selection of CMP surplus ammo will 2023 JNews - Premium WordPress news & magazine theme by Jegtheme. Tactical Life Gun Magazine: Gun news, gun reviews and gun magazines for gun enthusiasts, military and law enforcement, You use of this website constitutes and manifests your acceptance of our, ENTER TO WIN > Free Gun Friday for your chance to WIN the SIG Sauer P320 AXG Legion and Black Hills HoneyBadger Ammo, National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial, Anderson Manufacturing Kiger-9c Pro: Upgrades and EDC Ready, Built to Operate: Testing the Springfield Armory 1911 Operator. Since its inception more than 120 years ago, the Dallas Police Department has created an atmosphere of ethical, caring behavior. POP: Colored red indicates that police agencies in that state have radar guns manufactured by MPH Industries capable of POP Mode. Law enforcement shotguns and rifles are assembled by the same group of employees in a separate section of the factory. CPD allows a wide variety of duty pistols for officers including the Glock 17 or 19, several Springfield XD pistols, as well as the Smith and Wesson M&P. Whether you call them batons, leaded canes, clubs, billies, blackjacks, sandbags, sandclubs, saps or slungshots, for private citizens, their manufacture, sale and use are severely restricted under the weapon laws set out in the California Penal Code. One of the most favored shotguns is the Remington 870. A Detailed Guide, California Radar Detection Law: An Overview, most common type of radar used is the X-Band, Valentine One V1 Gen 2 click here to view on amazon. 1 Bel OH-58, 15 Cessna 206 and 1 Cessna 182 . They also only use Speers 124-grain Gold Dot hollow point +P load on duty. The Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development. you have a prior felony conviction or conviction for a California firearm offense. With that comes increased accuracy and lethality of newer 9mm ammunition. See California Penal Code 4852.01-4852.21 PC. They may focus more on strategies and skills rather than learning the complexities of each gun model. Definitely recommend! Kellie: Yeah, they are allowed. endstream endobj startxref Public buildings and meetings open to the public, 8.5. A local agency employing park rangers described in subdivision (b) of California Penal Code section 830.31. We do not handle any of the following cases: And we do not handle any cases outside of California. The 308 Winchester (7.62 x 52mm) has been the standard American SWAT sniper caliber for decades. While some have mandated the move, others allow options. However, Penal Code 22610 PC makes it illegal for you to buy, use, or possess a stun gun if: The first violation of Penal Code 22610 is a public offense punishable by a $50 fine.124. Along with the above firearms, officers are also permitted to carry the following .380 pistols for secondary use (backup or off-duty) only: the SIG 230, SIG 232, Beretta 84F, and Beretta 85F. 50 BMG Rifle. However, officers are also allowed to purchase the following SIGs and Glocks for primary use: SIG 225 (9mm),SIG 228 (9mm),SIG 239 (9mm/.357),SIG 229 (9mm/.357); the Glock 17, Glock 19, or Glock 26 (all in 9mm) or the Glock 31, Glock 32, or Glock 33 (all in .357). Police departments use the Ka-Band now as the most reliable speed detection device. Are police officers using them for on-duty purposes? Off-duty purposes? Should officers even be allowed to buy them?. In the Midwest region, there is Iowa, Michigan, Ohio. This is one of the most expensive radar detectors in the market today. California Penal Code 16590 PC. what guns do cops use in california. possess a firearm in or on the grounds of a public or private K-12 school. The AP followed up with several police departments and found that different departments and state agencies interpret the law differently. .40 S&W .40 S&W 919mm Parabellum 919mm Parabellum. A misdemeanor conviction is punishable by up to one year in county jail.120, A felony conviction can lead to custody in county jail for up to three years.121. Ka-Band: Colored brown indicates that police agencies in that state use Ka-band police radar guns. The State of Californias firearms laws impose certain rules and restrictions with regards to the: Under Californias Dealers Record of Sale (DROS) process, all firearm purchases and transfers must be made through a licensed gun dealer. Firearm Ownership Report (FOR) Application. (Although a federal judge overturned this ban on June 4, 2021, it remains in effect while the state appeals the ruling.). This means a prosecutor can charge the offense as either a misdemeanor or a felony. Please complete the form below and we will contact you momentarily. K-Mart Classics: Remingtons Nylon Rimfires Engineered To Last. The Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. Here are 4 of the most used ones: Glock comes to mind when most people think about a police officer with a gun. United States federal law, though, says that some types of firearms do have to be in a locked container or in a gun rack when in a school zone.30 These are zones located within 1,000 feet of the grounds of a K-12 school.31. Its design provides the user with adaptability and power. This can be done by: Reducing a felony to a misdemeanor means that you will not face a lifetime ban on guns (because the felony conviction is reduced). Law-abiding persons own the vast majority. What are some California offenses that involve firearms? In the Southeast region, there is Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia. Groucho Marx. The Smith & Wesson is the companys revolver in .38 or .357. if the petition is granted, it automatically becomes a petition for a pardon from the California Governor. As you can see, many departments have chosen 9mm duty weapons. Your email address will not be published. A violation of PC 30600 is charged as a felony. hb```}@9LT2 $pfRdwhU:e:TOp02no @.G];v unconventional pistols, also illegal per Penal Code 31500 PC, cane guns (or a gun that is enclosed in an object that looks like a walking cane), also illegal per, wallet guns (or a firearm enclosed in a small case), also illegal per. Penal Code 25400 PC is the California statute that makes it a crime to carry a concealed weapon. In 2014, the court ruled that the good cause requirement to obtain a CCW violated the Second Amendment right to bear arms.58, But in June 2016, the court overturned this finding. The most popular handgun for police officers is the Sig Sauer P226. are a convicted felon,; were found guilty of a crime involving assault,; were convicted of misuse of a stun gun,; are addicted to narcotics, or; are a minor under the age of 16. (Pen. In addition to addressing firearms, California's gun laws impose rules and restrictions on the following: large capacity magazines, armor-piercing magazines, silencers, stun guns, laser scopes and laser pointers. Assault weapons and BMG rifles are also banned in California per Penal Code 30600 PC. Were not interested in loading up peoples gun closets with assault weapons, Cmdr. As mentioned above (Section 6), large-capacity magazines are now legal in California. Very helpful with any questions and concerns and I can't thank them enough for the experience I had. Uniden R7 Laser/Radar Detector use this link to visit Amazon, Escort MAX360C Laser view on Amazon. Web what kind of guns do the police use in the uk? 2878 0 obj <>stream Code, 26950, subd. public buildings and meetings open to the public, airports and passenger vessel terminals, and. Keepspeedincheck.com also participates in affiliate programs with Clickbank, CJ, ShareASale, link to What is Doppler Radar? What kind of mattresses last the longest? Well, California in effect froze the types and models of semi-automatic handguns that consumers could purchase when then-state Attorney General Kamala Harris arbitrarily announced in 2013 that. Note that firearms that cannot be concealed include: When transporting an assault weapon, you must ensure that it is: Further, note that assault weapons can only be transported to and from certain places. For information on gun laws in Nevada and Colorado, please see our articles on: Being accused or arrested for a crime does not necessarily mean you will be convicted in court. The Ka-Band is one of the two most popular police radar detectors. 3. Investigators of the Department of Business Oversight. This weapon is equipped with a 45 caliber semi-automatic pistol, making it an excellent choice for law enforcement. Each Sergeant has one 10 man squad under his jurisdiction. missing persons national parks. These are 9 mm models. prohibits the sale of semi-automatic rifles to anyone under 21. a permit to manufacture these weapons, and. On the West Coast, the LAPDs more than 9,000 sworn officers have a lot of territory to cover. The pursuit began Friday at around 2:23 p.m. in Chino . ). Penal Code 30315 PC is the California statute that makes it a crime to possess armor-piercing ammunition. Epic 22 Pocket Pistol: The Beretta 71 Jaguar. Peruta v. Cnty of San Diego, 742 F.3d 1144 (2014), Peruta v. Cnty. Brady Handgun Violence Protection Act, 107 Stat. In 2016, long guns were used in 40% of firearms-related LODDs. One such example is the HK45 handgun. 8.2. Penal Code 171b PC is the California statute that makes it a crime to bring or possess certain weapons into: A public building is a building owned or leased by the state or local government, if state or local public employees are regularly present to perform their official duties.104. DUI arrests don't always lead to convictions in court. Stun guns and tasers are quite different, but they do the same thing. A prosecutor must prove the following to convict you under this statute: As to the second element above, it is a legal defense to this crime if you did not know of the presence of a weapon. This is the most accurate form of speed detection because the officer knows exactly which car is speeding. There are approximately 2,900 sworn officers and 1,700 support personnel working together and keeping residents safe. And the spokesman for the state Department of Fish and Game, an agency that allows officers to buy assault weapons and use them off-duty, also voiced skepticism about what purposes the guns fill. In the Northeast region, there is Connecticut, Delaware, District Columbia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont. The Los Angeles World Airports, as defined in California Penal Code section 830.15. 0 CPD allows a wide variety of duty pistols for officers including the Glock 17 or 19, several Springfield XD pistols, as well as the Smith and Wesson M&P. Toronto Police Service. 2560. Users can now clip in their other gadgets. The military used radar as a way of signaling an enemy nearby. hbbd```b`` 7$3d":6XDD^$][0012pa!3| Great that you are alerted early to police radar, but terrible that you will be getting a lot of false alarms. As mentioned in that article, California law permits police officers to buy certain handguns, high-capacity magazines, and assault rifles that are not available to the general public provided they show their credentials, register the firearm with the Justice Department, and have permission from their police chiefs. People prohibited from possessing a gun. As this transition occurs, many departments are following the tide and switching their duty weapons back to ones chambered in 9mm. Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc or its affiliates. Connecticut, Maryland and Massachusetts require that officers possess the weapons only while performing official duties. The pistol features a magazine-disconnect safety, an ambidextrous thumb safety, a one-piece wraparound grip, and either fixed sights or with a rear sight fully adjustable for windage and elevation. what guns do cops use in california. These types of cameras are often used by news channels for traffic updates. 50 BMG Rifle. For example, Penal Code 30510 PC lists over 70 types of firearms that are all classified as assault weapons. ENRAD is not a common form of speed detection. A .50 BMG rifle has all of the following characteristics: There are six places in California where guns are prohibited. Smith & Wesson Model 586: Reviewing A .357 Revolver With Class. The Houston Police Department has 5,400 police officers who are all needed. Then the speed calculation is sent to a police car down the road. A police department. Police are not out there flying every day. Once you buy or acquire possession of a firearm, California law imposes several public safety requirements when you: The rules on transporting a firearm differ a bit depending on whether the gun is: To lawfully transport a handgun in a vehicle, you must ensure that it is: It is always a crime to transport a loaded firearm. * Cobra Road Scout click here to view on Amazon. Firearms get registered by a gun dealer during the sale of a firearm. The K-Band is one of the two most popular police radar detectors. Repairs complete faster, hurry the process, and save time and money. The above statute applies unless you are exempt under the law from having to have a certificate. They include (but are not limited to): A violation of this law is charged as a misdemeanor. A major reason Glock is a hit amongst police officers is that it has a lightweight body. Some officer carry .38 Special, .357 Magnum, .44 Magnum, and .45 Colt revolvers. Californias attorney general provides several recommendations on gun storage. A standard-issue handgun is the best choice, equipping police officers with firepower that can neutralize criminals. Gun registration, though, is required when you are moving into California and owns a firearm.27. Philadelphia has standard service weapons, optimal service weapons, and off-duty weapon choices. But, most importantly, the Glock handgun provides excellent precision. Copyright 2023 Shouse Law Group, A.P.C. Now I would suggest that if youre looking to get a tattoo, be very judicious in where you place it, just because the image of the Academy in the FBI is extremely important. When William Bratton was appointed chief, he allowed officers to also carry the Glock. The false alarm rate for radar detectors that detect K-Band is increasing though. The three duty pistol options (as of April 20, 2017) are the Glock 19 (pictured), the Smith & Wesson 5946 and the SIG Sauer P226 DAO. According to statistics obtained by the AP, via the California Public Records Act, about 1,300 of the nearly 10,000 LAPD officers have assault rifles, more than 500 of which were purchased by individual officers. Law enforcement in the United States is in constant evolution and that includes various police sidearms. (Note that on June 4, 2021, a federal judge overturned Californias ban on assault weapons on the grounds that it violates the constitutional right to bear arms under the Second Amendment. The type of radar they use can vary from department to department within a state. The best 2021 radar detectors are like palm-sized computers with software and sensors to identify false signals from accurate alerts. In California, a person must be at least 21 years old to buy a handgun, and at least 18 years old to buy a shotgun or rifle. endstream endobj 2863 0 obj <. More specifically, it will depend on the type of weapons the criminals carry and own. See also the. H&K was created in 1948 by three former Mauser technicians, and in 1970, they created the Volkspistole VP/70, the first polymer-framed handgun. The attorney general encourages you to: Additional safety measures will apply in the event that either: Per Penal Code 25100 PC it is a crime for you to: This means if you know that a child can access a stored gun, you should: A violation of the above law is a misdemeanor offense. A fire department or fire protection agency of a county, city, city and county, district, or the state for use by either of the following: (i) A member of an arson-investigating unit, regularly paid and employed in that capacity pursuant to California Penal Code section 830.37. the case base diameter for the cartridge is from .800 inches to, and including, .804 inches. The Miami-Dade Police Department is charged with the safety of more than 2.5 million residents who live within a 2,109 square mile area of the Miami-Dade County area. This law does not apply to the possession of these weapons. Back in 2013, the entire Los Angeles Police Department switched over to the M&P 9. The Fraud Division of the Department of Insurance. What theyre not using them for is patrol, I can tell you that.. This Google translation feature is provided for informational purposes only. a. California Penal Code 26350 and 25850 PC. Province. The LC9 is a relatively small, 17-ounce handgun that measures six inches long and weighs about 17 ounces. As to possession, note that antique firearms and similar curios are exempt from this statute. The camera can also be set up to determine the traffics speed on the road. As the vehicle is passing through the two beams of light, the device calculates how long it took. But youll find other models from Sig Sauer, such as P229, P227, and P226, in several police departments across the country. A county for use by a welfare fraud investigator or inspector, as described in California Penal Code section 830.35. We may receive a commission for purchases made through these links. inflicting bodily injury while brandishing a gun, per, Californias drive-by shooting law, per, personal use of a firearm in the commission of a felony, per, the 10-20-life use a gun and youre done law, per, sentencing enhancement for criminal street gang participation, per, commission of a firearm felony while possessing metal-piercing armor or wearing a bullet-proof vest, per, use of a gun during the commission of sex crimes, per, aiding or abetting a felony with a firearm, per, changing a guns identifying information, per, possessing guns in violation of a court order, per, taking a firearm from a peace officer, per, shooting at an unoccupied motor vehicle or structure, per, California Welfare and Institutions Code 8100.

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